2010 Distinguished Citations

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2010 Distinguished Lecture Citations for Raymond Roble

Dr. Raymond G. Roble was selected as the first CEDAR Distinguished Lecturer in 2009, but was unable to present his work at that time. Thus, he is the first CEDAR Distinguished Lecturer starting in 2010 in Boulder for the 25th anniversary of the CEDAR Workshop. A Symposium in honor of Ray Roble will also be held on 18 June, 2010 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado in conjunction with the 6th IAGA/ICMA/CAWSES workshop on "Long-Term Changes and Trends in the Atmosphere" and immediately preceding the 2010 CEDAR Workshop.

Ray Roble has contributed to a broad spectrum of solar-terrestrial research including upper atmospheric and ionospheric research, climate variability and climate change, and dynamical coupling between atmospheric layers. Ray Roble is a long-time NCAR scientist where he developed and refined a suite of general circulation models of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Earth, Venus and Mars that self-consistently account for the underlying physical, dynamical, chemical, radiative, and electromagnetic processes. Dr. Roble recognized the importance of coupling between the Earth's atmospheric layers in studying climate variability and climate change, proposed the concept of whole atmospheric modeling, and demonstrated the viability of such models. Whole atmospheric modeling is currently actively pursued and developed in solar-terrestrial research community. Roble and Dickinson [1989] were also the first to demonstrate that global change due to increased greenhouse gas concentrations would occur in the upper atmosphere, substantially impacting ensuing work on this topic.

Citations:

  1. Roble, R. G., G. T. Burton, and H.-K. Hsi. Power supplies for mobile lunar vehicles. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. II, Academic Press, 1963.
  2. Roble, R. G., H. A. Schulte, and J. H. Tarter. Fuel cell, solar cell, and chemical dynamic power systems comparison. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, Vol. II, Academic Press, 1963.
  3. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. Atmospheric properties from the inversion of planetary occultation data. Planet. Space Sci., 16, 1197-1198, 1968.
  4. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. Stellar spectra and atmospheric composition. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 1141-1153, 1968.
  5. Roble, R. G., P. B. Hays, and A. F. Nagy. Calculated OI 6300 Å nightglow doppler temperatures for solar cycle minimum. Planet. Space Sci., 16, 1109-1113, 1968.
  6. Hays, P. B., A. F. Nagy, and R. G. Roble. Interferometric measurement of the 6300 Å doppler temperature during a magnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res., 74, 4162-4168, 1969.
  7. Roble, R. G. A theoretical and experimental investigation of the stable mid-latitude red arc (SAR-arc). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, 1969.
  8. Nagy, A. F., R. G. Roble, and P. B. Hays. Stable mid-latitude red arcs: Observations and theory. Space Sci. Rev., 11, 709-727, 1970.
  9. Roble, R. G. and R. E. Dickinson. Atmospheric response to heating within a stable mid-latitude red arc. Planet. Space Sci., 18, 1489-1498, 1970.
  10. Roble, R. G., P. B. Hays, and A. F. Nagy. Photometric and interferometric observations of a mid-latitude stable auroral red arc. Planet. Space Sci., 18, 431-439, 1970.
  11. Roble, R. G., P. B. Hays, and A. F. Nagy. Comparison of calculated and observed features of a stable midlatitude red arc. J. Geophys. Res., 75(22), 4261-4265, 1970.
  12. Dickinson, R. E., R. G. Roble, and E. C. Ridley. Responses of the neutral thermosphere at F-layer heights to large-scale anomalies of ionization. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1280-1293, 1971.
  13. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. A technique for recovering doppler line profiles from Fabry-Perot interferometer fringes of very low intensity. Appl. Opt., 10, 193-200, 1971.
  14. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. Direct observations of thermospheric winds during geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 5316-5321, 1971.
  15. Roble, R. G. The stable auroral red arc of October 31-November 1, 1968 and its interaction with the neutral atmosphere, in Colloquium on Physics of Space Environment, (R. E. Smith and S. T. Wu, eds.), NASA SP-305, 45-69, 1971.
  16. Roble, R. G., R. B. Norton, J. A. Findlay, and E. Marovich. The calculated and observed features of stable auroral red arcs during three geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res., 76, 7648-7662, 1971.
  17. Dickinson, R. E. and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric motion and temperature perturbations from global-scale winds flowing through F-region ionization anomalies. Space Res., XII, 1079-1085, 1972.
  18. Hays, P. B., R. G. Roble, and A. N. Shah. Terrestrial atmospheric composition from stellar occultations. Science, 176, 793-794, 1972.
  19. Roble, R. G. and R. E. Dickinson. Time-dependent behavior of a stable auroral red arc excited by an electric field. Planet. Space Sci., 20, 591-605, 1972.
  20. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. A technique for recovering the vertical number density profile of atmospheric gases from planetary occultation data. Planet. Space Sci., 2, 1727-1744, 1972.
  21. Roble, R. G. and R. B. Norton. Thermospheric molecular oxygen from solar EUV occultation measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 77, 3524-3533, 1972.
  22. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. Observations of mesospheric ozone at low latitudes. Planet. Space Sci., 21, 273-279, 1973.
  23. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. Stellar occultation measurements of molecular oxygen in the lower thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci., 21, 339-348, 1973.
  24. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. On determining the major SAR-arc properties from a few measurable parameters. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1057-1064, 1973.
  25. Roble, R. G. and R. E. Dickinson. Is there enough solar EUV to maintain the global mean thermospheric temperature? J. Geophys. Res., 78, 249-257, 1973.
  26. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. The nighttime distribution of ozone in the low-latitude mesosphere. Pure and Appl. Geophys., 106, 1281-1289, 1973.
  27. Anderson, D. N. and R. G. Roble. The effect of vertical overline E times overline B ionospheric drifts on F-region neutral winds in the low latitude thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 5231-5236, 1974.
  28. Norton, R. B. and R. G. Roble. Molecular oxygen in the lower thermosphere between 95 and 210 km determined from SOLRAD-10 solar occultation measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 3876-3878, 1974.
  29. Roble, R. G. and R. E. Dickinson. The effect of displaced geomagnetic and geographic poles on the thermospheric neutral winds. Planet. Space Sci., 22, 623-631, 1974.
  30. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. On determining the ozone number density distribution from OAO-2 stellar occultation measurements. Planet. Space Sci., 22, 1338-1340, 1974.
  31. Roble, R. G., B. A. Emery, J. E. Salah, and P. B. Hays. Diurnal variation of neutral thermospheric winds determined from incoherent scatter radar data. J. Geophys. Res., 79, 2868-2876, 1974.
  32. Dickinson, R. E., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. Meridional circulation in the thermosphere. I. Equinox conditions. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1737-1754, 1975.
  33. Rees, M. H. and R. G. Roble. Observations and theory of the formation of stable auroral red arcs. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 13, 201-242, 1975.
  34. Roble, R. G. The calculated and observed diurnal variation of the ionosphere over Millstone Hill on March 23-24, 1970. Planet. Space Sci., 23, 1017-1033, 1975.
  35. Roble, R. G. The thermosphere-ionosphere, in The Solar Output and its Variation, (O. R. White, ed.), Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado, 1975.
  36. Roble, R. G. and S. Matsushita. An estimate of the global scale Joule heating rates in the thermosphere due to time mean currents. Radio. Sci., 10, 389-399, 1975.
  37. Stolarski, R. S., P. B. Hays, and R. G. Roble. Atmospheric heating by solar EUV radiation. J. Geophys. Res., 80, 2266-2276, 1975.
  38. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Direct measurements of nighttime thermospheric winds and temperatures. I. Seasonal variations during geomagnetic quiet period. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 2065-2074, 1976.
  39. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Direct measurements of nighttime thermospheric winds and temperatures. II. Geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 5173-5181, 1976.
  40. Roble, R. G. Solar EUV flux variation during a solar cycle as derived from ionospheric modeling considerations. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 265-269, 1976.
  41. Roble, R. G., J. F. Noxon, and J. V. Evans. The intensity variation of the atomic oxygen red line during morning and evening twilight on April 9-10, 1969. Planet. Space Sci., 24, 327-340, 1976.
  42. Vidal-Madjar, A., G. Artzner, R. M. Bonnet, P. LeMaire, J. C. Vial, R. G. Roble, and W. G. Mankin. High resolution atmospheric extinction measurements from the French experiment on board the NASA spacecraft OSO-8, in Atmospheric Physics from Spacelab, (J. J. Burger, A. Pederson, and B. Battrick, eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 117-128, 1976.
  43. Dickinson, R. E., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. Meridional circulation in the thermosphere. II. Solstice conditions. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 178-192, 1977.
  44. Hastings, J. T. and R. G. Roble. An automatic technique for solving coupled vector systems of non-linear parabolic partial differential equations in one space dimension. Planet. Space Sci., 25, 209-215, 1977.
  45. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Direct measurements of nighttime thermospheric winds and temperatures. III. Monthly variations during solar minimum. J. Geophys. Res., 82, 5505-5511, 1977.
  46. Kopp, J. P., D. W. Rusch, R. G. Roble, G. A. Victor, and P. B. Hays. Photoemission in the second positive system of molecular nitrogen in the Earth's dayglow. J. Geophys. Res., 82, 555-560, 1977.
  47. Nagy, A. F., R. G. Roble, W. E. Swartz, and I. F. Vickrey. The role of relative ion flows on the thermal structure of the ionosphere. Planet. Space Sci., 25, 1085-1086, 1977.
  48. Norton, R. B. and R. G. Roble. Seasonal variations in molecular oxygen near 100 km. J. Geophys. Res., 82, 3659-3660, 1977.
  49. Roble, R. G. Variations of the mean meridional circulation in the thermosphere, in Dynamical and Chemical Coupling Between the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere, NATO Advanced Study Institute Series, (B. Grandal and J. A. Holtet, eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 217-233, 1977.
  50. Roble, R. G. The thermosphere, Chapter 3 in Upper Atmosphere and Magnetosphere Monograph, for the Geophysical Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1977.
  51. Roble, R. G. The auroras, in Natural History, October 1977, 60-68, 1977.
  52. Roble, R. G. and J. T. Hastings. Thermal response properties of the Earth's ionospheric plasma. Planet. Space Sci., 25, 217-231, 1977.
  53. Roble, R. G. and M. H. Rees. Time-dependent studies of the aurora: Effects of particle precipitation on the dynamic morphology of ionospheric and atmospheric properties. Planet. Space Sci., 25, 991-1010, 1977.
  54. Roble, R. G., R. E. Dickinson, and E. C. Ridley. Seasonal and solar-cycle variations of the zonal mean circulation in the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 82, 5493-5504, 1977.
  55. Roble, R. G., J. E. Salah, and B. A. Emery. The seasonal variation of the diurnal thermospheric winds over Millstone Hill during solar cycle maximum. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 39, 503-511, 1977.
  56. Fontheim, E. G., R. S. B. Ong, R. G. Roble, H. G. Mayr, M. J. Baron, W. H. Hoegy, V. B. Wickwar, R. R. Vondrak, and J. A. Ionson. Effect of anomalous transport coefficients on the thermal structure of the storm time auroral ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4831-4836, 1978.
  57. Hays, P. B., D. W. Rusch, R. G. Roble, and J. C. G. Walker. The OI (6300 Å) airglow. Rev. Geophys. Space Sci., 16, 225-232, 1978.
  58. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Relationship between midlatitude thermospheric winds and the time rate of change of DSt. Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 835-838, 1978.
  59. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Observations of large-scale thermospheric waves during geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 5531-5538, 1978.
  60. Perkins, F. W. and R. G. Roble. Ionospheric heating by radio waves: Predictions for Arecibo and the satellite power station. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 1611-1624, 1978.
  61. Roble, R. G., A. D. Richmond, W. L. Oliver, and R. M. Harper. Ionospheric effects of the gravity wave launched by the September 18, 1974 sudden commencement. J. Geophys. Res., 83, 999-1009, 1978.
  62. Roble, R. G., A. I. Stewart, M. R. Torr, D. W. Rusch, and R. H. Wand. The calculated and observed ionospheric properties during Atmospheric Explorer-C satellite crossings over Millstone Hill. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 40, 21-33, 1978.
  63. Hays, R. B. and R. G. Roble. Quasi-static model of global atmospheric electricity. I. The lower atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 3291-3305, 1979.
  64. Hays, P. B. and R. G. Roble. Coupling of magnetospheric electrical effects into the global atmospheric electrical circuit, in “Quantitative Modeling of Magnetospheric Processes.” Geophysical Monographs, 21, (W. P. Olson, ed.), 326-337, 1979.
  65. Hays, P. B., J. W. Meriwether, Jr., and R. G. Roble. Nighttime thermospheric winds at high latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 1905-1913, 1979.
  66. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric dynamics investigations with very high resolution spectrometers. Appl. Opt., 18, 3376-3385, 1979.
  67. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. On divergences of thermospheric meridional winds at midlatitudes. Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 294-296, 1979.
  68. Millier, F., A. Vidal-Madjar, J. Guidon, and R. G. Roble. Ozone number density profiles in the lower mesosphere as determined by the French experiment on board OSO-8. Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 863-865, 1979.
  69. Rees, M. H. and R. G. Roble. The morphology of N and NO in auroral substorms. Planet. Space Sci., 27, 453-462, 1979.
  70. Richmond, A. D. and R. G. Roble. Dynamic effects of aurora-generated gravity waves on the midlatitude ionosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 41, 841-852, 1979.
  71. Roble, R. G. and J. M. Gary. The effect of horizontal transport on auroral NO densities. Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 703-706, 1979.
  72. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. Electrical coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere, in Solar-Terrestrial Influences on Weather and Climate, (B. M. McCormac and T. A. Seliga, eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 233-241, 1979.
  73. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. A quasi-static model of global atmospheric electricity. II. Electrical coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 7247-7256, 1979.
  74. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. Solar-terrestrial coupling through atmospheric electricity, in Proceedings of the Workshop, The Role of the Electrodynamics of the Middle Atmosphere on Solar Terrestrial Coupling, (N. W. Maynard, ed.), NASA CP-2090, 89-139, 1979.
  75. Roble, R. G. and G. Schmidtke. Calculated ionospheric variations due to changes in the measured solar EUV flux. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 41, 153-160, 1979.
  76. Roble, R. G., R. E. Dickinson, and E. C. Ridley. Thermospheric response to the 8-9 November 1969 magnetic disturbances. J. Geophys. Res., 84, 4207-4216, 1979.
  77. Hernandez, G., R. G. Roble, and J. H. Allen. Midlatitude thermospheric winds and temperatures and their relation to the auroral electrojet activity index. Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 677-680, 1980.
  78. Rees, M. H. and R. G. Roble. Effect of a horizontal wind on 1.27-m auroral emission from O2(1g) molecules. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 4295-4298, 1980.
  79. Rees, M. H., R. G. Roble, J. Kopp, V. J. Abreu, L. H. Brace, H. C. Brinton, R. A. Heelis, R. A. Hoffman, D. C. Kayser, and D. W. Rusch. The spatial-temporal ambiguity in auroral modelling. J. Geophys. Res., 85, 1235-1245, 1980.
  80. Anderson, D. N. and R. G. Roble. Neutral wind effects on the equatorial F-region ionosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 43, 835-843, 1981.
  81. Dickinson, R. E., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. A three-dimensional general circulation model of the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1499-1512, 1981.
  82. Gerard, J.-C., R. G. Roble, and D. W. Rusch. A two-dimensional model of odd nitrogen in the thermosphere and mesosphere, in Proceedings of the Fifth ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research, D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, 1981.
  83. Kasting, J. F. and R. G. Roble. A zonally-averaged chemical-dynamical model of the lower thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9641-9653, 1981.
  84. Roble, R. G. and P. B. Hays. Solar-terrestrial effects on the global electrical circuit. Chapter 6 in Sun, Weather and Climate, Studies in Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1981.
  85. Roble, R. G. and A. D. Richmond. The thermosphere. Scientific American, (Japan), August, 1981.
  86. Rusch, D. W., R. G. Roble, J.-C. Gerard, and A. I. Stewart. A two-dimensional model of odd nitrogen in the thermosphere and mesosphere, in Handbook for MAP, 2, (S. K. Avery, ed.), SCOSTEP, pp. 442-449, 1981.
  87. Sipler, D. P., M. A. Biondi, and R. G. Roble. Midlatitude F-region neutral winds and temperatures during the priority regular world day 14 August 1980. Planet. Space Sci., 29, 1367-1372, 1981.
  88. Torr, M. R., D. G. Torr, and R. G. Roble. Energetic O+ precipitation: A significant energy source for the ionosphere, in The Physical Basis of the Ionosphere in the Solar-Terrestrial System, AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 295, 1981.
  89. Anderson, D. N., A. D. Richmond, B. B. Balsley, R. G. Roble, M. A. Biondi, and D. P. Sipler. In-situ generated gravity waves as a possible seeding mechanism for equatorial spread-F. Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 969-972, 1982.
  90. Gerard, J.-C. and R. G. Roble. The transport of auroral produced N(2D) by winds in the high latitude thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci., 30, 1091-1105, 1982.
  91. Hernandez, G., R. G. Roble, E. C. Ridley, and J. H. Allen. Thermospheric response observed over Fritz Peak, Colorado, during two large geomagnetic storms near solar cycle maximum. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 9181-9192, 1982.
  92. Roble, R. G., R. E. Dickinson, and E. C. Ridley. The global circulation and temperature structure of the thermosphere with high-latitude plasma convection. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 1599-1614, 1982.
  93. Solomon, S., P. J. Crutzen, and R. G. Roble. Photochemical coupling between the thermosphere and the lower atmosphere. I. Odd nitrogen from 50 to 120 km. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 7206-7220, 1982.
  94. Solomon, S., G. C. Reid, R. G. Roble, and P. J. Crutzen. Photochemical coupling between the thermosphere and the lower atmosphere. II. D-region ion chemistry and the winter anomaly. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 7221-7227, 1982.
  95. Torr, M. R., D. G. Torr, R. G. Roble, and E. C. Ridley. The dynamic response of the thermosphere to the energy influx resulting from energetic O+ ions. J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5290-5300, 1982.
  96. Davis, M. H., M. Brook, H. Christian, B. G. Heikes, R. E. Orville, C. G. Park, R. G. Roble, and B. Vonnegut. Some scientific objectives of a satellite-borne lightning mapper. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 64, 114-119, 1983.
  97. Garcia, R. R., S. Solomon, R. G. Roble, and D. W. Rusch. A numerical study of the response of the middle atmosphere to changing solar activity, in Weather and Climate Responses to Solar Variations, (B. McCormac, ed.), Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 197-202, 1983.
  98. Rees, M. H., B. A. Emery, R. G. Roble, and K. Stamnes. Neutral and ion gas heating by auroral particle precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 88, 6289-6300, 1983.
  99. Roble, R. G. Dynamics of the Earth's thermosphere. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 21, 217-233, 1983.
  100. Roble, R. G. Global dynamic models of the Earth's thermosphere and ionosphere. European Space Agency Journal, 7, 405-430, 1983.
  101. Roble, R. G. and B. A. Emery. On the global mean temperature of the thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci., 31, 597-614, 1983.
  102. Roble, R. G., R. E. Dickinson, E. C. Ridley, B. A. Emery, P. B. Hays, T. L. Killeen, and N. W. Spencer. The high-latitude circulation and temperature structure of the thermosphere near solstice. Planet. Space Sci., 31, 1479-1499, 1983.
  103. Tzur, I., R. G. Roble, H. C. Zhuang, and G. C. Reid. The response of the Earth's global electrical circuit to a solar proton event, in Weather and Climate Responses to Solar Variations, (B. McCormac, ed.), Colorado Associated University Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 427-436, 1983.
  104. Zhuang, H. C. and R. G. Roble. Cosmic ray ionization in Earth's atmosphere and its modulation by solar activity. Scientia Sinica A, 26, 1004-1016, 1983.
  105. Dickinson, R. E., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric general circulation with coupled dynamics and composition. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 205-219, 1984.
  106. Garcia, R. R., S. Solomon, R. G. Roble, and D. W Rusch. A numerical study of the response of the middle atmosphere to the 11-year solar cycle. Planet. Space Sci., 32, 411-423, 1984.
  107. Gerard, J.-C., R. G. Roble, D. W. Rusch, and A. I. Stewart. The global distribution of thermospheric odd nitrogen for solstice conditions during solar cycle minimum. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1725-1738, 1984.
  108. Hays, P. B., T. L. Killeen, N. W. Spencer, L. E. Wharton, R. G. Roble, B. A. Emery, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, D. Rees, L. A. Frank, and J. D. Craven. Observations of the dynamics of the polar thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5597-5612, 1984.
  109. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. The geomagnetic quiet nighttime thermospheric wind pattern over Fritz Peak Observatory during solar cycle minimum and maximum. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 327-337, 1984.
  110. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Nighttime variation of thermospheric winds and temperatures over Fritz Peak Observatory during the geomagnetic storm of March 2, 1983. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9049-9056, 1984.
  111. Killeen, T. L. and R. G. Roble. An analysis of the high-latitude thermospheric wind pattern calculated by a thermospheric general circulation model. I. Momentum forcing. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7509-7522, 1984.
  112. Killeen, T. L. and R. G. Roble. Neutral parcel transport in the high latitude F-region, in The Polar Cusp, (J. A. Holtet and A. Egeland, eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 261-278, 1984.
  113. Meriwether, J. W., Jr., P. Shih, T. L. Killeen, V. B. Wickwar, and R. G. Roble. Nighttime thermospheric winds over Sondre Stromfjord, Greenland. Geophys. Res. Lett., 1, No. 9, 931-934, 1984.
  114. Ridley, E. C., R. E. Dickinson, R. G. Roble, and M. H. Rees. Thermospheric response to the June 11, 1983 solar eclipse. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7583-7588, 1984.
  115. Roble, R. G. and J. F. Kasting. The zonally averaged circulation, temperature, and compositional structure of the lower thermosphere and variations with geomagnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1711-1724, 1984.
  116. Roble, R. G., B. A. Emery, R. E. Dickinson, E. C. Ridley, T. L. Killeen, P. B. Hays, G. R. Carignan, and N. W. Spencer. Thermospheric circulation, temperature and compositional structure of the southern hemisphere polar cap during October-November 1981. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9057-9068, 1984.
  117. Tzur, I. and R. G. Roble. Ambipolar diffusion in the middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 338-344, 1984.
  118. Emery, B. A., R. G. Roble, E. C. Ridley, T. L. Killeen, M. H. Rees, D. J. Winningham, G. R. Carignan, P. B. Hays, R. A. Heelis, W. B. Hanson, N. W. Spencer, L. H. Brace, and M. Suguira. Thermospheric and ionospheric structure of the southern hemisphere polar cap on 21 October 1981 as determined from Dynamics Explorer-2 satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6553-6566, 1985.
  119. Roble, R. G. Earth's global electrical circuit; an unsolved mystery. Aerospace America (AIAA), 124-127, 1985.
  120. Roble, R. G. On solar-terrestrial relationships in atmospheric electricity. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6000-6012, 1985.
  121. Stamnes, K., M. H. Rees, B. A. Emery, and R. G. Roble. Modeling of cusp auroras: The relative impact of solar EUV radiation and soft electron precipitation, in The Polar Cusp, (J. A. Holtet and A. Egeland, eds.), D. Reidel Publishing Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 292-301, 1985.
  122. Tzur, I. and R. G. Roble. Atmospheric electric field and current configurations in the vicinity of mountains. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5979-5988, 1985.
  123. Tzur, I. and R. G. Roble. The interaction of a dipolar thunderstorm with its global electrical environment. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 5989-5999, 1985.
  124. Bougher, S. W., R. E. Dickinson, E. C. Ridley, R. G. Roble, A. F. Nagy, and T. E. Cravens. Venus mesosphere and thermosphere: II. Global circulation, temperature and density variations. Icarus, 68, 284-312, 1986.
  125. Fesen, C. G., R. E. Dickinson, and R. G. Roble. Simulation of thermospheric tides at equinox with the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4471-4489, 1986.
  126. Killeen, T. L. and R. G. Roble. An analysis of the high-latitude thermospheric wind pattern calculated by a thermospheric general circulation model. 2. Neutral parcel transport. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 11,291-11,307, 1986.
  127. Killeen, T. L. and R. G. Roble. Measurements of the dynamics of the high-latitude thermosphere, in Astrodynamics 1985, 58, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences, (B. Kaufman, J. J. F. Liu, R. A. Calico, and F. R. Hoots, eds.), Univelt Inc., San Diego, California, pp. 629-640, 1986.
  128. Killeen, T. L., R. G. Roble, R. W. Smith, N. W. Spencer, J. W. Meriwether, Jr., D. Rees, G. Hernandez, P. B. Hays, L. L. Cogger, D. P. Sipler, M. A. Biondi, and C. A. Tepley. Mean neutral circulation in the winter polar F-region. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1633-1649, 1986.
  129. Meriwether, J. W., Jr., J. W. Moody, M. A. Biondi, and R. G. Roble. Optical interferometric measurements of nighttime equatorial thermospheric winds at Arequipa, Peru. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 5557-5566, 1986.
  130. Rees, M. H. and R. G. Roble. Excitation of O(1D) atoms in aurora and emission of the [OI] 6300-Å line. Can. J. Phys., 64, 1608-1613, 1986.
  131. Roble, R. G. Chemistry in the thermosphere and ionosphere. Chem. Eng. News, 64, 23-28, 1986.
  132. Roble, R. G. and I. Tzur. The Earth's global electrical circuit, Chapter 15 in The Earth's Electrical Environment, Geophysics Study Committee, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1986.
  133. Roble, R. G., B. A. Emery, and E. C. Ridley. Ionospheric and thermospheric response over Millstone Hill to the 30 May 1984 annular solar eclipse. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1661-1670, 1986.
  134. Salah, J. E., W. L. Oliver, J. C. Foster, J. M. Holt, B. A. Emery, and R. G. Roble. Observations of the 30 May 1984 annular solar eclipse at Millstone Hill. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 1651-1660, 1986.
  135. Sica, R. J., G. Hernandez, G. J. Romick, M. H. Rees, and R. G. Roble. Auroral zone thermospheric dynamics. 2. Individual nights. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 13,593-13,611, 1986.
  136. Sica, R. J., M. H. Rees, R. G. Roble, G. Hernandez, and G. J. Romick. The altitude region sampled by ground-based doppler temperature measurements of the OI 15867 K emission in aurorae. Planet. Space Sci., 34, 483-488, 1986.
  137. Sica, R. J., M. H. Rees, G. J. Romick, G. Hernandez, and R. G. Roble. Auroral zone thermospheric dynamics. 1. Averages. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 3231-3244, 1986.
  138. Stamnes, K., S. Perrant, J. M. Bosqued, M. H. Rees, and R. G. Roble. Ionospheric response to daytime auroral electron precipitation: Results and analysis of a coordinated experiment between AUREOL-3 satellite and EISCAT radar. Ann. Geophys., 4, 235-240, 1986.
  139. Browning, G. L., I. Tzur, and R. G. Roble. A global time-dependent model of thunderstorm electricity. 1. Mathematical properties of the physical and numerical models. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2166-2177, 1987.
  140. Dickinson, R. E., R. G. Roble, and S. W. Bougher. Radiative cooling in the NLTE region of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Global energy balance. Adv. Space Res., 7, (10)5-(10)15, 1987.
  141. Forbes, J. M., R. G. Roble, and F. A. Marcos. Thermospheric dynamics during the March 22, 1979, magnetic storm (2) Comparisons of model predictions with observations. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6069-6081, 1987.
  142. Johnson, R. M., V. B. Wickwar, R. G. Roble, and J. G. Luhmann. Lower-thermospheric winds at high latitude: Chatanika radar observations. Annales Geophysicae, 5A, (6), 383-404, 1987.
  143. Killeen, T. L. and R. G. Roble. Thermosphere dynamics: Recent contributions from Dynamics Explorer-2. Adv. Astronautical Sci., 65, 1625-1648, 1987.
  144. Killeen, T. L., R. G. Roble, and N. W. Spencer. A computer model of global thermospheric winds and temperatures. Adv. Space Res., 7, (10)207-(10)215, 1987.
  145. Richmond, A. D. and R. G. Roble. Electrodynamic effects of thermospheric winds from the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12,365-12,376, 1987.
  146. Roble, R. G. The Earth's thermosphere, in The Solar Wind and the Earth, (S.-I. Akasofu and Y. Kamide, eds.), Terra Scientific Publishing Co., Tokyo, Japan, pp. 245-264, 1987.
  147. Roble, R. G. and T. L. Killeen. Modeling the global structure of the thermosphere: Circulation, temperature and density. Adv. Astronautical Sci., 65, 1683-1700, 1987.
  148. Roble, R. G. and E. C. Ridley. An auroral model for the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model (TGCM). Annales Geophysicae, 5A, (6), 369-382, 1987.
  149. Roble, R. G., J. M. Forbes, and F. A. Marcos. Thermospheric dynamics during the March 22, 1979 magnetic storm (1) Model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6045-6068, 1987.
  150. Roble, R. G., E. C. Ridley, and R. E. Dickinson. On the global mean structure of the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 8745-8758, 1987.
  151. Roble, R. G., B. A. Emery, T. L. Killeen, G. C. Reid, S. Solomon, R. R. Garcia, D. S. Evans, P. B. Hays, G. R. Carignan, R. A. Heelis, W. B. Hanson, D. J. Winningham, N. W. Spencer, and L. H. Brace. Joule heating in the mesosphere and thermosphere during the July 13, 1982, solar proton event. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6083-6090, 1987.
  152. Salah, J. E., G. Hernandez, R. G. Roble, and B. A. Emery. Longitudinal and latitudinal dependences of thermospheric winds from incoherent scatter radar and optical emission doppler shift measurements. Annales. Geophysicae, 5(A), 359-362, 1987.
  153. Bougher, S. W., R. E. Dickinson, E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. Venus mesosphere and thermosphere. III. Three-dimension general circulation with coupled dynamics and composition. Icarus, 73, 545-573, 1988.
  154. Bougher, S. W., R. E. Dickinson, R. G. Roble, and E. C. Ridley. Mars thermospheric general circulation model: Calculations for the arrival of PHOBOS at Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1511-1514, 1988.
  155. Gerard, J.-C. and R. G. Roble. The role of nitric oxide on the zonally averaged structure of the thermosphere: Solstice conditions for solar cycle maximum. Planet. Space Sci., 36, 271-279, 1988.
  156. Killeen, T. L. and R. G. Roble. Thermosphere dynamics: Contributions from the first 5 years of the Dynamics Explorer program. Rev. Geophys., 26, 329-367, 1988.
  157. Killeen, T. L., J. D. Craven, L. A. Frank, J.-J. Ponthieu, N. W. Spencer, R. A. Heelis, L. H. Brace, R. G. Roble, P. B. Hays, and G. R. Carignan. On the relationship between dynamics of the polar thermosphere and the morphology of the aurora: Global-scale observations from Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2675-2692, 1988.
  158. McCormac, F. G., T. L. Killeen, A. G. Burns, J. W. Meriwether, Jr., R. G. Roble, L. E. Wharton, and N. W. Spencer. Polar cap diurnal temperature variations: Observations and modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7466-7477, 1988.
  159. Meriwether, J. W., Jr., T. L. Killeen, F. G. McCormac, A. G. Burns, and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric winds in the geomagnetic polar cap for solar minimum conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7478-7492, 1988.
  160. Rees, M. H., D. Lummerzheim, R. G. Roble, J. D. Winningham, J. D. Craven, and L. A. Frank. Auroral energy deposition rate, characteristic electron energy and ionospheric parameters derived from Dynamics Explorer 1 images. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 12,841-12,860, 1988.
  161. Richmond, A. D. and R. G. Roble. Dynamics of the thermosphere, in World Ionosphere/Thermosphere Study, (C. H. Liu and B. Edwards, eds.), SCOSTEP, Urbana, Illinois, pp. 39-47, 1988.
  162. Roble, R. G. Thermospheric general circulation and response to magnetospheric forcings, in “Modeling Magnetospheric Plasma.” Geophysical Monograph, 44, 21-32, 1988.
  163. Roble, R. G. Solar cycle variation of the global mean structure of the thermosphere. Solar Radiative Output Variation, (P. Foukal, ed.), pp. 1-25, 1988.
  164. Roble, R. G., E. C. Ridley, A. D. Richmond, and R. E. Dickinson. A coupled thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1325-1328, 1988.
  165. Roble, R. G., T. L. Killeen, N. W. Spencer, R. A. Heelis, P. H. Reiff, and D. J. Winningham, Jr. Thermospheric dynamics during November 21-22, 1981: Dynamics Explorer measurements and thermospheric general circulation model predictions. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 209-225, 1988.
  166. Roble, R. G. Global change: The solar influence. Proceedings of the Supercomputing 88: Volume II, Science and Applications, Kissimmee, Florida, November 14-18, 240-250, 1988.
  167. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. Processes responsible for the compositional structure of the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 3670-3686, 1989.
  168. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, G. Crowley, B. A. Emery, and R. G. Roble. On the mechanisms responsible for high-latitude thermospheric composition variations during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,961-16,968, 1989.
  169. Crowley, G., B. A. Emery, R. G. Roble, H. C. Carlson, Jr., and D. J. Knipp. Thermospheric dynamics during September 18-19, 1984. 1. Model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,925-16,944, 1989.
  170. Crowley, G., B. A. Emery, R. G. Roble, H. C. Carlson, Jr., J. E. Salah, V. B. Wickwar, K. L. Miller, W. L. Oliver, R. G. Burnside, and F. A. Marcos. Thermospheric dynamics during September 18-19, 1984. 2. Validation of the NCAR thermospheric general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,945-16,959, 1989.
  171. Fesen, C. G., G. Crowley, and R. G. Roble. Ionospheric effects at low latitudes during the March 22, 1979 geomagnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5405-5417, 1989.
  172. Roble, R. G. and R. E. Dickinson. How will changes in carbon dioxide and methane modify the mean structure of the mesosphere and thermosphere? Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 1441-1444, 1989.
  173. Sica, R. J., G. Hernandez, B. A. Emery, R. G. Roble, R. W. Smith, and M. H. Rees. The control of auroral zone dynamics and thermodynamics by the interplanetary magnetic field dawn-dusk (y) component. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 11,921-11,932, 1989.
  174. Siskind, D. E., C. A. Barth, and R. G. Roble. The response of thermospheric nitric oxide to an auroral storm. 1. Low and middle latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,885-16,898, 1989.
  175. Siskind, D. E., C. A. Barth, D. S. Evans, and R. G. Roble. The response of thermospheric nitric oxide to an auroral storm. 2. Auroral latitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,899-16,911, 1989.
  176. Bougher, S. W., R. G. Roble, E. C. Ridley, and R. E. Dickinson. The Mars thermosphere. 2. General circulation with coupled dynamics and composition. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 14,811-14,827, 1990.
  177. Codrescu, M., J. M. Forbes, and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric dynamics: A system theory approach. Radio. Sci., 25, 299-308, 1990.
  178. Forbes, J. M. and R. G. Roble. Thermosphere-ionosphere coupling: An experiment in interactive modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 201-208, 1990.
  179. Hernandez, G., R. W. Smith, R. G. Roble, J. Gress, and K. C. Clark. Thermospheric dynamics at the South Pole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1255-1258, 1990.
  180. Roble, R. G. Special CEDAR issues of the Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, Book Review. Planet. Space Sci., 38, 701-702, 1990.
  181. Bougher, S. W. and R. G. Roble. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 1. Solar cycle variation of global mean temperatures. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 11,045-11,055, 1991.
  182. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. A theoretical study of thermospheric composition perturbations during an impulsive geomagnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 14,153-14,167, 1991.
  183. Burnside, R. G., C. A. Tepley, M. P. Sulzer, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, D. G. Torr, and R. G. Roble. The neutral thermosphere at Arecibo during geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1289-1301, 1991.
  184. Burrage, M. D., M. F. Storz, C. G. Fesen, R. G. Roble, and V. J. Abreu. Solar tides in the equatorial upper thermosphere: A comparison between AE-E data and the TIGCM for solstice, solar minimum conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 187-199, 1991.
  185. Deng, W., T. L. Killeen, G. G. Burns, and R. G. Roble. The flywheel effect: Ionospheric currents after a geomagnetic storm. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1845-1848, 1991.
  186. Fesen, C. G. and R. G. Roble. Simulations of the September 1987 lower thermosphere with the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1173-1180, 1991.
  187. Fesen, C. G., A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Auroral effects on midlatitude semidiurnal tides. Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 412-415, 1991.
  188. Fesen, C. G., R. G. Roble, and E. C. Ridley. Thermospheric tides at equinox: Simulations with coupled composition and auroral forcings. 1. Diurnal component. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3647-3661, 1991.
  189. Fesen, C. G., R. G. Roble, and E. C. Ridley. Thermospheric tides at equinox: Simulations with coupled composition and auroral forcings. 2. Semidiurnal component. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3663-3677, 1991.
  190. Fuller-Rowell, T. J., D. Rees, H. Rishbeth, A. G. Burns, T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. Modelling of composition changes during F-region storms: A reassessment. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 541-550, 1991.
  191. Killeen, T. L., F. G. McCormac, A. G. Burns, and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric dynamics, energetics, and composition at auroral latitudes. Auroral Physics, (C.-I. Meng, M. J. Rycroft, and L. A. Frank, eds.), 67-81, 1991.
  192. McCormac, F. G., T. L. Killeen, A. G. Burns, F. A. Marcos, and R. G. Roble. The effect of solar cycle variations on the thermosphere. Astrodynamics, 76, 2507-2530, 1991.
  193. Roble, R. G. Atmospheric structure. Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, 2, (G. L. Trigg, ed.), Wiley-VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, New York, 201-224, 1991.
  194. Roble, R. G. On modeling component processes in the Earth's global electric circuit. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 831-847, 1991.
  195. Roble, R. G. Global dynamic models of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Astrodynamics 1991, 76, Advances in the Astronautical Sciences (B. Kaufman, K. T. Alfriend, R. L. Roehrich, and R. R. Dasenbrock, eds.), 2313-2328, 1991.
  196. Roble, R. G. Sunspots and the weather. Science Year, World Book, Inc., 306-307, 1991.
  197. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric composition changes seen during a geomagnetic storm. Adv. Space Res., 12, (10)253-(10)256, 1992.
  198. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric heating away from the auroral oval during geomagnetic storms. Can. J. Phys., 70, 544-552, 1992.
  199. Burrage, M. D., V. J. Abreu, N. Orsini, C. G. Fesen, and R. G. Roble. Geomagnetic activity effects on the equatorial neutral thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4177-4187, 1992.
  200. Cannata, R. W., T. L. Killeen, T. I. Gombosi, A. G. Burns, and R. G. Roble. Modeling of time-dependent ion outflows at high geomagnetic latitudes. Adv. Space. Res., 12, (6)173-(6)184, 1992.
  201. Codrescu, M. V., R. G. Roble, and J. M. Forbes. Interactive ionosphere modeling: A comparison between TIGCM and ionosonde data. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 8591-8600, 1992.
  202. Forbes, J. M., D. N. Anderson, I. Batista, L. Carter, M. Codrescu, and R. G. Roble. Coupling parameterizations in magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere modeling. Adv. Space Res., 12, (6)293-(6)301, 1992.
  203. Killeen, T. L., B. Nardi, P. N. Purcell, R. G. Roble, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, and D. Rees. Neutral winds in the lower thermosphere from Dynamics Explorer 2. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1093-1096, 1992.
  204. Marcos, F. A., R. G. Roble, and T. L. Killeen. Modeling the response of the thermosphere/ionosphere system to time-dependent forcing. Adv. Space Res., 12, 93-97, 1992.
  205. Richmond, A. D., E. C. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. A thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model with coupled electrodynamics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 601-604, 1992.
  206. Rishbeth, H. and R. G. Roble. Cooling of the upper atmosphere by enhanced greenhouse gases. Modelling of thermospheric and ionospheric effects. Planet. Space Sci., 40, 1011-1026, 1992.
  207. Roble, R. G. The polar lower thermosphere. Planet. Space Sci., 40, 271-297, 1992.
  208. Roble, R. G. Atmospheric drag. Adv. Astronautical Sci., 1992.
  209. Solomon, S. C. and R. G. Roble. Temperature variation in the thermosphere at solar maximum: Simulations with the NCAR thermosphere/ionosphere general circulation model. Proceedings of the Workshop on the Solar Electromagnetic Radiation Study for Solar Cycle 22, (R. F. Donnelly, ed.), 399-403, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA-ERL, Boulder, Colorado, 1992.
  210. Wilkinson, P. J., E. P. Szuszczewicz, and R. G. Roble. Measurements and modelling of intermediate, descending, and sporadic layers in the lower ionosphere: Results and implications for global-scale ionospheric-thermospheric studies. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 95-98, 1992.
  211. Deng, W., T. L. Killeen, A. G. Burns, R. G. Roble, J. Slavin, and L. E. Wharton. The effects of neutral inertia on ionospheric currents in the high latitude thermosphere following a geomagnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7775-7790, 1993.
  212. Fesen, C. G., A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Theoretical effects of geomagnetic activity on thermospheric tides. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 15,599-15,612, 1993.
  213. Fesen, C. G., R. G. Roble, and E. C. Ridley. Thermospheric tides simulated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere general circulation model at equinox. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7805-7820, 1993.
  214. Fesen, C. G., M. E. Hagan, C. A. Tepley, and R. G. Roble. On the coupling between the lower and the upper thermosphere during the first lower thermosphere coupling study. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 1545-1558, 1993.
  215. Forbes, J. M., R. G. Roble, and C. G. Fesen. Acceleration, heating, and compositional mixing of the thermosphere due to upward-propagating tides. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 311-321, 1993.
  216. Forbes, J. M., R. G. Roble, and F. A. Marcos. Magnetic activity dependence of high-latitude thermospheric winds and densities below 200 km. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13,693-13,702, 1993.
  217. Marcos, F. A., C. R. Baker, J. N. Bass, T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. Satellite drag models: Current status and prospects. Adv. Astronautical Sci., 85, 1253-1274, 1993.
  218. Roble, R. G. Greenhouse cooling of the upper atmosphere. EOS, 74, 92-93, 1993.
  219. Roble, R. G. Modeling the dynamics of the coupled thermosphere and ionosphere. Proceedings of the 1992 Solar-Terrestrial Energy Program (STEP), The Initial Results from STEP Facilities and Theory Campaign, (D. N. Baker, V. O. Papitashvili, and M. J. Teague, eds.), 765-774, 1993.
  220. Winningham, J. D., J. R. Sharber, R. A. Frahm, J. L. Burch, N. Eaker, R. K. Black, V. A. Blevins, J. P. Andrews, J. Rudzki, D. L. Chenette, D. W. Datlowe, E. E. Gaines, W. I. Imhof, R. W. Nightingale, S. S. Prasad, R. M. Robinson, T. L. Schumaker, R. R. Vondrak, P. F. Bythrow, B. J. Anderson, T. A. Potemra, L. J. Zanetti, D. B. Holland, M. H. Rees, D. Lummerzheim, G. C. Reid, R. G. Role, C. R. Clauer, and P. M. Banks. The UARS particle environment monitor. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10649-10666, 1993.
  221. Bougher, S. W., D. M. Hunten, and R. G. Roble. CO2 cooling in terrestrial planet thermospheres. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,609-14,622, 1994.
  222. Fesen, C. G. and R. G. Roble. Database of theoretical thermosphere/ionosphere predictions. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21,409-21,410, 1994.
  223. Gavrilov, N. M. and R. G. Roble. The effect of gravity waves on the temperature and composition of the upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,773-25,780, 1994.
  224. Roble, R. G. and E. C. Ridley. A thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM): Equinox solar cycle minimum simulations (30–500 km). Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 417-420, 1994.
  225. Woods, T. N., G. J. Rottman, R. G. Roble, O. R. White, S. C. Solomon, G. Lawrence, J. Lean, and W. K. Tobiska. The TIMED solar EUV experiment. SPIE paper, 1078, 1994.
  226. Bougher, S. W., D. M. Hunten, and R. G. Roble. CO2 cooling in terrestrial planet thermospheres. Earth, Moon, and Planets, 67, 31-33, 1995.
  227. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, G. R. Carignan, and R. G. Roble. Large enhancements in the O/N2 ratio in the evening sector of the winter hemisphere during geomagnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,661-14,671, 1995.
  228. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, W. Deng, G. R. Carignan, and R. G. Roble. Geomagnetic storm effects in the low- to middle-latitude upper thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,673-14,691, 1995.
  229. Crowley, G., J. Schoendorf, R. G. Roble, and F. A. Marcos. Satellite observations of neutral density cells in the lower thermosphere at high latitudes, in “The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory.” Geophysical Monograph, 87, 339-348, 1995.
  230. Deng, W., T. L. Killeen, A. G. Burns, R. M. Johnson, B. A. Emery, R. G. Roble, J. D. Winningham, and J. B. Gary. One-dimensional hybrid satellite track model for the Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE 2) satellite. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1611-1624, 1995.
  231. Fesen, C. G., R. G. Roble, and M.-L. Duboin. Simulations of seasonal and geomagnetic activity effects at Saint Santin. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,397-21,407, 1995.
  232. Forbes, J. M., R. G. Roble, and F. A. Marcos. Equatorial penetration of magnetic disturbance effects in the thermosphere and ionosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, (10) 1085-1093, 1995.
  233. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Thermospheric nighttime neutral temperature and winds over Fritz Peak Observatory: Observed and calculated solar cycle variation. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,647-14,659, 1995.
  234. Lu, G., A. D. Richmond, B. A. Emery, and R. G. Roble. Magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling: Effect of neutral winds on energy transfer and field-aligned current. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,643-16,659, 1995.
  235. Raskin, R. G., A. G. Burns, T. L. Killeen, and R. G. Roble. Energy spectrum of the NCAR-TIGCM lower thermosphere, in “The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory.” Geophysical Monograph, 87, 279-286, 1995.
  236. Rees, M. H., D. Lummerzheim, and R. G. Roble. Modeling of the atmosphere-magnetosphere-ionosphere system MAMI. Space Sci. Rev., 71, 691-703, 1995.
  237. Roble, R. G. The Thermosphere. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 1995.
  238. Roble, R. G. Energetics of the mesosphere and thermosphere, in “The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory.” Geophysical Monograph, 87, 1-21, 1995.
  239. Roble, R. G. Major greenhouse cooling (yes cooling): The upper atmosphere response to increased CO2. Rev. Geophys. Suppl., 539-546, 1995.
  240. She, C. Y., J. R. Yu, D. A. Krueger, R. G. Roble, P. Keckhut, A. Hauchecorne, and M.-L. Chanin. Vertical structure of the midlatitude temperature from stratosphere to mesosphere (30–105 km). Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 377-380, 1995.
  241. Szuszczewicz, E. P., R. G. Roble, P. J. Wilkinson, and R. Hanbaba. Coupling mechanisms in the lower ionospheric-thermospheric system and manifestations in the formation and dynamics of intermediate and descending layers. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1483-1496, 1995.
  242. Wise, J. O., R. L. Carovillano, H. C. Carlson, R. G. Roble, S. Adler-Golden, R. M. Nadile, and M. Ahmadjian. CIRRIS-1A global observations of 15m CO2 and 5.3m NO limb radiance in the lower thermosphere during moderate to active geomagnetic activity. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21,357-21,375, 1995.
  243. Emery, B. A. , G. Lu, E. P. Szuszczewicz, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, P. G. Richards, K. Miller, R. Niciejewski, D. S. Evans, F. J. Rich, W. F. Denig, D. L. Chenette, P. Wilkinson, S. Pulinets, K. F. O'Loughlin, R. Hanbaba, M. Abdu, P. Jiao, K. Igarashi, and B. M. Reddy. Assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics in the thermosphere-ionosphere general circulation model comparisons with global ionospheric and thermospheric observations during the GEM/SUNDIAL period March 28-29, 1992. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,681-26,696, 1996.
  244. Peymirat, C., D. Fontaine, A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. The electrodynamical couplings between the thermosphere, the ionosphere, and the magnetosphere, in ESA Symposium Proceedings on “Environment Modelling for Space-Based Applications.” ESTEC, 253-259, Noordwijk, NL, September 18-20, 1996.
  245. Roble, R. G. The NCAR thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM), in STEP Handbook on Ionospheric Models (R. W. Schunk, ed.,), Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 281-288, 1996.
  246. Roble, R. G. On solar induced variability in the earth's upper atmosphere and ionosphere, in Solar Drivers of Interplanetary and Terrestrial Disturbances, ASP Conference Series, 95, (K. S. Balasubramaniam, S. L. Keil, and R. N. Smart, eds.), 609-618, 1996.
  247. Schoendorf, J., G. Crowley, R. G. Roble, and F. A. Marcos. Neutral density cells in the high latitude thermosphere. 1. Solar maximum cell morphology and data analysis. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 85, 1751-1768, 1996.
  248. Schoendorf, J., G. Crowley, and R. G. Roble. Neutral density cells in the high latitude thermosphere. 2. Mechanisms. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1769-1781, 1996.
  249. Szuszczewicz, E. P., D. Torr, P. Wilkinson, P. Richards, R. G. Roble, B. A. Emery, G. Lu, M. Abdu, D. Evans, R. Hanbaba, K. Igarashi, P. Jiao, M. Lester, S. Pulinets, B. M. Reddy, P. Blanchard, K. Miller, and J. Joselyn. F-region climatology during the SUNDIAL/ATLAS-1 campaign of March 1992: Model-measurement comparisons and cause-effect relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 26,741-26,758, 1996.
  250. Wu, D. L., P. B. Hays, and R. G. Roble. Doppler imager wind measurements with simulations from the NCAR thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,147-19,160, 1996.
  251. Bougher, S. W. and R. G. Roble. Thermosphere. Encyclopedia of Planetary Sciences, 819-825, 1997.
  252. Codrescu, M. V., T. J. Fuller-Rowell, R. G. Roble, and D. S. Evans. Medium energy particle precipitation influences on the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19,977-19,987, 1997.
  253. Deng, W., J. E. Salah, S. E. Palo, and R. G. Roble. Coordinated global radar observations of tidal and planetary waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere during January 20-30, 1993. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 7307-7318, 1997.
  254. Fuller-Rowell, T. J., M. V. Codrescu, R. G. Roble, and A. D. Richmond. How does the thermosphere and ionosphere react to a geomagnetic storm? in “Magnetic Storms.” Geophysical Monograph, 98, American Geophysical Union, 203-225, 1997.
  255. Killeen, T. L., A. G. Burns, I. Azeem, S. Cochran, and R. G. Roble. A theoretical analysis of the energy budget in the lower thermosphere. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 59, 675-689, 1997.
  256. Richmond, A. D. and R. G. Roble. Electrodynamic coupling effects in the thermosphere/ionosphere system. Adv. Space Res., 20, 1115-1124, 1997.
  257. Roble, R. G. Global change and possible effects on the Earth's plasma environment. Plasma Science and the Environment, (W. Manheimer, L. E. Sugiyama, and T. H. Stix, eds.), American Institute of Physics Press, Woodbury, New York, 15-40, 1997.
  258. Roble, R. G. and G. G. Shepherd. An analysis of wind imaging interferometer observations of O(1S) equatorial emission rates using the thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 2467-2474, 1997.
  259. Yee, J.-H., G. Crowley, R. G. Roble, W. R. Skinner, M. D. Burrage, and P. B. Hays. Global simulations and observations of O(1S), O2(1Σ) and OH mesospheric nightglow emissions. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19,949-19,968, 1997.
  260. Zhou, Q. H., M. P. Sulzer, C. A. Tepley, C. G. Fesen, R. G. Roble, and M. C. Kelley. Neutral winds and temperature in the tropical mesosphere and lower thermosphere during January 1993: Observation and comparison with TIME-GCM results. J. Geophys. Res., 102, 11,507-11,519, 1997.
  261. Anderson, D. N., M. J. Buonsanto, M. Codrescu, D. Decker, C. G. Fesen, T. J. Fuller-Rowell, B. W. Reinisch, P. G. Richards, R. G. Roble, R. W. Schunk, and J. J. Sojka. Intercomparison of physical models and observations of the ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 2179-2192, 1998.
  262. Hecht, J. H., R. L. Walterscheid, R. G. Roble, R. S. Lieberman, E. R. Talaat, S. K. Ramsay Howat, R. P. Lowe, D. N. Turnbull, C. S. Gardner, R. States, and P. D. Dao. A comparison of atmospheric tides inferred from observations at the mesopause during ALOHA-93 with the model predictions of the TIME-GCM. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6307-6321, 1998.
  263. Killeen, T. L., A. G. Burns, I. Azeem, S. Cochran, and R. G. Roble. A theoretical analysis of the energy budget in the lower thermosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 59, 675-689, 1998.
  264. Lu, G., X. Pi, A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Variations of total electron content during geomagnetic disturbances: A model/observation comparison. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 253-256, 1998.
  265. Palo, S. E., R. G. Roble, and M. E. Hagan. TIME-GCM results for the quasi-two day wave. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3783-3786, 1998.
  266. Peymirat, C., A. D. Richmond, B. A. Emery, and R. G. Roble. A magnetosphere-thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,467-17,477, 1998.
  267. Shepherd, G. G., R. G. Roble, C. McLandress, and W. E. Ward. WINDII observations of the 558 nm emission in the lower thermosphere: The influence of dynamics on composition. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Physics, 59, 655-667, 1998.
  268. Shepherd, G. G., R. G. Roble, S.-P. Zhang, C. McLandress, and R. H. Wiens. Tidal influence on midlatitude airglow: Comparison of satellite and ground-based observations with TIME-GCM predictions. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,741-14,751, 1998.
  269. Smith, R. W., G. Hernandez, R. G. Roble, P. L. Dyson, M. Conde, R. Crickmore, and M. Jarvis. Observation and simulations of winds and temperatures in the Antarctic thermosphere for August 2-10, 1992. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9473-9480, 1998.
  270. Williams, B. P., C. Y. She, and R. G. Roble. Seasonal climatology of the nighttime tidal perturbation of temperature in the midlatitude mesopause region. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3301-3304, 1998.
  271. Bougher, S. W., S. Engel, R. G. Roble, and B. Foster. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 2. Solar cycle variation of global structure and winds at equinox. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,591-16,611, 1999.
  272. Emery, B. A., C. Lathuillere, P. G. Richards, R. G. Roble, M. J. Buonsanto, D. J. Knipp, P. Wilkinson, D. P. Sipler, and R. Niciejewski. Time dependent thermospheric neutral response to the 2-11 November 1993 storm period. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 61, 329-350, 1999.
  273. Galand, M., R. G. Roble, D. Lummerzheim, and B. A. Emery, Ionization by energetic protons in thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 27,973-27,989, 1999.
  274. Hecht, J. H., R. L. Walterscheid, R. G. Roble, R. S. Lieberman, E. R. Talaat, S. K. Ramsay Howat, R. P. Lowe, D. N. Turnbull, C. S. Gardner, R. States, and P. D. Dao. Comment on “A comparison of atmospheric tides inferred from observations at the mesopause during ALOHA-93 with the model predictions of the TIME-GCM”-Reply. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14023-14023, 1999.
  275. Liu, H.-L., P. B. Hays, and R. G. Roble. A numerical study of gravity wave breaking and impacts on turbulence and the mean state. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, (13), 2152-2177, 1999.
  276. Palo, S. E., R. G. Roble, and M. E. Hagan. Middle atmosphere effects of the quasi-two-day wave determined from a general circulation model. Earth Planets Space, 51, 629-647, 1999.
  277. Roble, R. G. Atmospheric structure. An addendum to Encyclopedia of Applied Physics, 2, (G. L. Trigg, ed.), 201-224, 1999.
  278. Shepherd, M. G., W. E. Ward, B. Prawirosoehardjo, R. G. Roble, S.-P. Zhang, and D. Y. Wang. Planetary scale and tidal perturbations in mesospheric temperature observed by WINDII. Earth Planets Space, 51, 593-610, 1999.
  279. Stenning, R. J., A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Lunar tides in the thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1-13, 1999.
  280. Wang, W., T. L. Killeen, A. G. Burns, and R. G. Roble. A high-resolution, three-dimensional, time dependent, nested grid model of the coupled thermosphere-ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 61, 385-397, 1999.
  281. Bougher, S. W., S. Engel, R. G. Roble, and B. Foster. Comparative terrestrial planet thermospheres. 3. Solar cycle variation of global structure and winds at solstices. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,669-17,692, 2000.
  282. Fesen, C. G., G. Crowley, R. G. Roble, A. D. Richmond, and B. G. Fejer. Simulation of the pre-reversal enhancement in the low latitude vertical ion drifts. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1851-1854, 2000.
  283. Hecht, J. H., S. Collins, C. Kruschwitz, M. C. Kelley, R. G. Roble, and R. L. Walterscheid. The excitation of the Na airglow from Coqui Dos rocket and ground-based observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 453-456, 2000.
  284. Liu, H., M. E. Hagan, and R. G. Roble. Local mean state changes due to gravity wave breaking modulated by diurnal tide. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 12,381-12,396, 2000.
  285. Lopez-Puertas, M., M. A. Lopez-Valverde, R. R. Garcia, and R. G. Roble. A review of CO and CO2 abundances in the middle atmosphere, in “Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause.” Geophysical Monograph, 123, American Geophysical Union, 83-100, 2000.
  286. Mlynczak, M. G., R. R. Garcia, R. G. Roble, and M. E. Hagan. Solar energy deposition rates in the mesosphere derived from airglow measurements: Implications for the ozone model deficit problem. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,527-17,538, 2000.
  287. Roble, R. G. On the feasibility of developing a global atmospheric model extending from the ground to the exosphere, in “Atmospheric Science across the Stratopause.” Geophysical Monograph, B, American Geophysical Union, 53-67, 2000.
  288. Walterscheid, R. L., G. G. Sivjee, and R. G. Roble. Mesospheric and lower thermospheric manifestations of a stratospheric warming event over Eureka, Canada (80oN). Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2897-2900, 2000.
  289. Woods, T. N., S. Bailey, F. Eparvier, G. Lawrence, J. Lean, B. McClintock, R. G. Roble, G. J. Rottman, S. C. Solomon, W. K. Tobiska, and O. R. White. TIMED solar EUV experiment. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part C-Terrestrial and Planetary Sciences, 25, 1464-1917, 2000.
  290. Bougher, S. W., R. G. Roble, and T. J. Fuller-Rowell. Simulations of the upper atmospheres of the terrestrial planets, in “Atmospheres in the Solar System: Comparative Aeronomy.” Geophysical Monograph, B, American Geophysical Union, 261-288, 2001.
  291. Hagan, M. E. and R. G. Roble. Modeling diurnal tidal variability with the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24,869-24,882, 2001.
  292. Hagan, M. E., R. G. Roble, and J. Hackney. Migrating thermospheric tides. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12,739-12,752, 2001.
  293. Immel, T. J., G. Crowley, J. D. Craven, and R. G. Roble. Dayside enhancements of thermospheric O/N2 following magnetic storm onset. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15,471-15,488, 2001.
  294. Liu, H.-L., R. G. Roble, M. J. Taylor, and W. R. Pendleton, Jr. Mesospheric planetary waves at northern hemisphere fall equinox. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1903-1906, 2001.
  295. Lu, G., A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, and B. A. Emery. Coexistence of ionospheric positive and negative storm phases under northern winter conditions: A case study. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24,493-24,504, 2001.
  296. Meier, R. R., J. M. Picone, D. P. Drob, and R. G. Roble. Similarity transformation-based analysis of atmospheric models, data, and inverse remote sensing algorithms. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 15,519-15,532, 2001.
  297. Nozawa, S., A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, and H.-L. Liu. Comparison of the auroral E region neutral winds derived with the European Incoherent Scatter radar and predicted by National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 24,691-24,700, 2001.
  298. Roble, R. G. On forecasting thermospheric and ionospheric disturbances in space weather events, in “Space Weather.” Geophysical Monograph, 125, American Geophysical Union, 369-375, 2001.
  299. Sharma, R. D. and R. G. Roble. Impact of the new rate coefficients for the O atom vibrational deactiviation and photodissociation of NO on the temperature and density structure of the terrestrial atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21,343-21,350, 2001.
  300. Taylor, M. J., W. R. Pendleton, Jr., H.-L. Liu, C. Y. She, L. C. Gardner, R. G. Roble, and V. Vasoli. Large amplitude perturbations in mesospheric OH Meinel and 87-km Na lidar temperatures around the autumnal equinox. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1899-1902, 2001.
  301. Zhang, S. P., R. G. Roble, and G. G. Shepherd. Tidal influence on the oxygen and hydroxyl nightglows: Wind imaging interferometer observations and thermosphere/ionosphere/mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 21,381-21,393, 2001.
  302. Roble, R. G. Global change: Upper atmospheric change. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, (J. Holton, J. Pyle, and J. Curry, eds.), Academic Press, United Kingdom, 910-915, 2001.
  303. Roble, R. G. Thermosphere. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, (J. Holton, J. Pyle, and J. Curry, eds.), Academic Press, United Kingdom, 2282-2290, 2001.
  304. Bougher, S. W., R. G. Roble, and T. J. Fuller-Rowell. Simulations of the upper atmospheres of the terrestrial planets. Planetary Atmospheres, Geophysical Monograph, 130, American Geophysical Union, 261-288, 2002.
  305. Fesen, C. G., D. L. Hysell, J. W. Meriwether, M. Mendillo, B. G. Fejer, R. G. Roble, B. W. Reinisch, and M. A. Biondi. Modeling the low latitude atmosphere and ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 1337-1349, 2002.
  306. Hagan, M. E., R. G. Roble, C. Hartsough, J. Oberheide, and M. Jarisch. Dynamics of the middle atmosphere during CRISTA-2 as simulated by the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere-ionosphere-mesosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D23), 8181, doi:10.1029/2001JD000679, 2002.
  307. Kaufmann, M., O. A. Gusev, K. U. Grossmann, R. G. Roble, M. E. Hagan, C. Hartsough, and A. A. Kutepov. The vertical and horizontal distribution of CO2 densities in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere as measured by CRISTA. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D23), 8182, doi:10.1029/2001JD000704, 2002.
  308. Liu, H.-L. and R. G. Roble. A study of a self-generated stratospheric sudden warming and its mesospheric/lower thermospheric impacts using coupled TIME-GCM/CCM3. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D23), 4695, doi:10.1029/2001JD001533, 2002.
  309. Marsh, D. and R. G. Roble. TIME-GCM simulations of lower-thermospheric nitric oxide seen by the halogen occultation experiment. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 889-895, 2002.
  310. Manson, C. E., C. E. Meek, J. Stegman, P. J. Epsy, R. G. Roble, C. M. Hall, P. Hoffman, and Ch. Jacobi. Springtime transition in mesopause airglow and dynamics: Photometer and MF radar observations in the Scandinavian and Canadian sectors. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 1131-1146, 2002.
  311. Mendillo, M., H. Rishbeth, R. G. Roble, and J. Wroten. Modelling F2-layer seasonal trends and day-to-day variability driven by coupling with the lower atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 1911-1931, 2002.
  312. Oberheide, J., M. E. Hagan, R. G. Roble, and D. Offermann. Sources of nonmigrating tides in the tropical middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D21), 4567, doi:10.1029/2002JD002220, 2002.
  313. Pan, W., C. S. Gardner, and R. G. Roble. The temperature structure of the winter atmosphere at South Pole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1802, doi:1029/2002GL015288, 2002.
  314. Peymirat, C., A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Neutral wind influence on the electrodynamic coupling between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 107 (A1), 1006, doi:10.1029/2001JA90016, 2002.
  315. Sharma, R. D. and R. G. Roble. Cooling mechanisms of the planetary thermospheres: The key role of O atom vibrational excitation of CO2 and NO. Chem. Phys. Chem., 3, 841-843, 2002.
  316. Thuillier, G., R. H. Wiens, G. G. Shepherd, and R. G. Roble. Photochemistry and dynamics in thermospheric intertropical arcs measured by the WIND Imaging Interferometer on board UARS: A comparison with TIE-GCM simulations. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 405-415, 2002.
  317. Beig, G., P. Keckhut, R. P. Lowe, R. G. Roble, M. G. Mlynczak, J. Scheer, V. I. Fomichev, D. Offermann, W. J. R. French, M. G. Shepherd, A. I. Semenov, E. E. Remsberg, C. Y. She, F. J. L|bken, J. Bremer, B. R. Clemesha, J. Stegman, F. Sigernes, and S. Fadnavis. Review of mesospheric temperature trends. Rev. Geophys., 41 (4), 1015, doi:10.1029/2002RG000121, 2003.
  318. Chu, X., C. S. Gardner, and R. G. Roble. Lidar studies of interannual, seasonal and diurnal variations of polar mesospheric clouds at the South Pole. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D8), 8447, doi:10.1029/2002/2002JD002524, 2003.
  319. Chu, X., C. S. Gardner, and R. G. Roble. Lidar studies of interannual, seasonal and diurnal variations of polar mesospheric clouds at the South Pole. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D8), 8447, doi:10.1029/2002/2002JD002524, 2003.
  320. Hays, P. B., J. F. Kafkalidis, W. R. Skinner, and R. G. Roble. A global view of the molecular oxygen night airglow. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D20), 4646, doi:10.1029/2003JD003400, 2003.
  321. Hernandez, G. and R. G. Roble. Simultaneous thermospheric observations during the geomagnetic storm of April 2002 from South Pole and Arrival Heights, Antarctica. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (10), 1511, doi:10. 1029/2003GL016878, 2003.
  322. Oberheide, J., M. E. Hagan, and R. G. Roble. Tidal signatures and aliasing in temperature data from slowly precessing satellites. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (A2), 1055, doi:10.1029/2002JA009585, 2003.
  323. Oberheide, J., M. E. Hagan, R. G. Roble, and O. A .Gusev. A global view of tidal temperature perturbations above the mesopause: Preliminary model/observation intercomparison. Adv. Space Res., 32 (5), 857-862, doi:10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00404-6, 2003.
  324. Richmond, A. D., C. Peymirat, and R. G. Roble. Long-lasting disturbances in the equatorial ionospheric electric field simulation with a coupled magnetospere-ionosphere-thermosphere model. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (A3), 1118, doi:10.1029/2002JA009758, 2003.
  325. Zhang, S. P., L. P. Goncharenko, J. E. Salah, R. G. Roble, and G. G. Shepherd. Climatology of neutral winds in the lower thermosphere over Millstone Hill (42.6N) observed from ground and from space. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (A1), 1051, 10.1029/2002JA009512, 2003.
  326. Burns, A. G., T. L. Killeen, W. Wang, and R. G. Roble. The solar-cycle-dependent response of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 66, 1-14, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2003.09.015, 2004.
  327. Fuller-Rowell, T., S. C. Solomon, R. Viereck, and R. G. Roble. Impact of solar EUV, XUV and X-Ray variations on the Earth's atmosphere. Geophysical Monograph, 141, American Geophysical Union, 341-354, 2004.
  328. Hecht, J. H., A. Z. Liu, R. L. Bishop, J. H. Clemmons, C. S. Gardner, M. F. Larsen, R. G. Roble, G. R. Swenson, and R. L. Walterscheid. An overview of observations of unstable layers during the turbulent oxygen mixing experiment (TOMEX). J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02S01, doi:10.1029/2002JD003123, 2004.
  329. Hecht, J. H, A. Z. Liu, R. L. Walterscheid, R. G. Roble, M. F. Larsen, and J. C. Clemmons. Airglow emissions and oxygen mixing ratios from the photometer experiment on the Turbulent Oxygen Mixing Experiment (TOMEX) campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02S05, doi:10.1029/2002JD003035, 2004.
  330. Liu, H.-L. and R. G. Roble. Dynamical processes related to the atomic oxygen equinox transition. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 66, 769-779, 2004.
  331. Liu, H.-L., E. R. Talaat, R. G. Roble, R. S. Liberman, D. M. Riggin, and J.-H. Yee. 6.5-Day wave and its seasonal variability in the middle and upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21112, doi:10.1029/2004JD004795, 2004.
  332. Liu, A. Z., R. G. Roble, J. H. Hecht, M. F. Larsen, and C. S. Gardner. Unstable layers in the mesopause region observed with the Na lidar during the turbulent oxygen mixing experiment (TOMEX) campaign. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02S02, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD003056, 2004.
  333. Sassi, F., D. Kinnison, B. A. Boville, R. R. Garcia, and R. G. Roble. The effect of ENSO on the dynamical, thermal and chemical structure of the middle atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17108, doi:10.1029/2003JD004434, 2004.
  334. Shepherd, G. G, J. Stegman, W. Singer, and R. G. Roble. Equinox transition in wind and airglow observations. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 66, 481-491, 2004.
  335. Zhang, S. P., J. P. Thayer, R. G. Roble, J. E. Salah, G. G. Shepherd, L. P. Goncharenko, and Q. H. Zhou. Latitudinal variations of neutral wind structures in the lower thermosphere for the March equinox period. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 66, 105-117, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2003.09.011, 2004.
  336. Azeem, S. M. I., E. R. Talaat, G. G. Sivjee, H.-L. Liu, and R. G. Roble. Observational study of the 4-day wave in the mesosphere preceding the sudden stratospheric warming events during 1995 and 2002. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L15804, doi:10.1029/2005GL023393, 2005.
  337. Liu, H.-L. and R. G. Roble. Dynamical coupling of the stratosphere and mesosphere in the 2002 Southern Hemisphere major stratospheric sudden warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L13804, doi:10.1029/2005GL022939, 2005.
  338. Nozawa, S., A. Brekke, S. Maeda, T. Aso, C. Hall, Y. Ogawa, S. C. Buchet, J. Rottger, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, and R. Fujii. Mean winds, tides and quasi-2 day wave in the polar lower thermosphere observed in European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) eight day run data in November 2003. J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12309, doi:10.1029/2005JA011128. 2005.
  339. Oberheide, J., Q. Wu, D. A. Ortland, T. L. Killeen, M. E. Hagan, R. G. Roble, R. J. Niciejewski, and W. R. Skinner. Non-migrating diurnal tides as measured by the TIMED Doppler Interferometer: Preliminary results. Adv. Space Res., 35, 1911-1917, doi:10.1016/j.asr2005.01.063, 2005.
  340. Russell, J. P., W. E. Ward, R. P. Lowe, R. G. Roble, G. G. Shepherd, and B. Solheim. Atomic oxygen profiles (80-115 km) derived from Wind Imaging Interferometer/Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite measurements of the hydroxyl and greenline airglow: Local time-latitude dependence. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005570, 2005.
  341. Shepherd, G. G., G. Liu, and R. G. Roble. Large-scale circulation of atomic oxygen in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Adv. Space Res., 35, 1945-1950, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.036, 2005.
  342. Taylor, M. J., A. K. Taori, D. R. Hatch, H.-L. Liu, and R. G. Roble. Characterization of the semi-annual-oscillation in mesospheric temperatures at low-latitudes. Adv. Space Res., 35, 2037-2043, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.111, 2005.
  343. Crowley, G., C. Hackert, R. R. Meier, D. J. Strickland, L. J. Paxton, X. Pi, A. Manucci, A. Christensen, D. Morrison, G. Bust, R. G. Roble, N. Curtis, and G. Wene. Global thermosphere-ionosphere response to onset of November 20, 2003 magnetic storm. J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10S18, doi:10.1029/2005JA011518, 2006.
  344. Crowley, G., T. J. Immel, C. L. Hackert, J. Craven, and R. G. Roble. Effect of IMF BY on thermospheric composition at high and middle latitudes. 1. Numerical experiments. J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10311, doi:10.1029/2005JA011371, 2006.
  345. Immel, T. J., G. Crowley, C. L. Hackert, J. D. Craven, and R. G. Roble. Effect of IMF BY on thermospheric composition at high and middle latitudes. 2. Data comparisons. J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10312, doi:10.1029/2005JA011372, 2006.
  346. Nozawa, S., A. Brekke, S. Maeda, T. Aso, C. Hall, Y. Ogawa, S. C. Buchet, J. Rottger, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, and R. Fujii. Mean winds, tides and quasi-2 day wave in the polar lower thermosphere based on EISCAT eight day run data in November 2003. J. Geophys. Res., 112, 12 309, doi:101029/2005JA011128, 2006.
  347. Oberheide, J., Q. Wu. T. L. Killeen, M. E. Hagan, and R. G. Roble. Diurnal nonmigrating tides from TIMED Doppler Interferometer wind data: Monthly climatologies and seasonal variations. J. Geophys. Res., 111, A10S03, doi:10.1029/2005JA011491, 2006.
  348. Qian, L., S. C. Solomon, R. G. Roble, and T. J. Kane. Calculated and observed climate change in the thermosphere and a prediction for solar cycle 24. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23705, doi:10.1029/2006GL027185, 2006.
  349. Riggin, D. M., H.-L. Liu, R. S. Liberman, R. G. Roble, J. M. Russell III, C. J. Mertens, M. G. Mlynczak, D. Panecheva, S. J. Franke, Y. Murayama, A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and R. A. Vincent. Observations of the 5-day wave in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 68, 323-339, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.05.010, 2006.
  350. Riggin, D. M., H.-L. Liu, R. S. Lieberman, R. G. Roble, J. M. Russell III, C. J. Mertens, M. G. Mlynczak, D. Pancheva, S. J. Franke, Y. Murayama, A. H. Manson, C. E. Meek, and R. A. Vincent. Mesospheric surf zone and temperature inversion layers in early November 1994. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 68, 1752-1763, 2006.
  351. Shepherd, G. G., Y.-M. Cho, G. Liu, M. G. Shepherd, and R. G. Roble. Airglow variability in the context of the global mesospheric circulation. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 68, 2000-2011, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2006.06.006, 2006.
  352. Yuan, T., C. Y. She, M. E. Hagan, B. P. Williams, T. Li, K. Arnold, T. D. Kawahara, P. E. Acott, J. D. Vance, D. Krueger, and R. G. Roble. Seasonal variation of diurnal perturbations in mesopause region temperature, zonal, and meridional winds above Fort Collins, Colorado (40.6oN, 105oW). J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06103, doi:10.1029/2004JD005486, 2006.
  353. Birks, J. W., P. J. Crutzen, and R. G. Roble. Frequent ozone depletion resulting from impacts of asteriods and comets. Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society, (P. Bobrowsky and H. Rickman, eds.), Springer Verlag, 225-244, 2007.
  354. Hagan, M. E., A. Maute, R. G. Roble, A. D. Richmond, T. J. Immel, and S. L. England. Connection between deep tropical clouds and the Earth's ionosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L20109, doi:10.1029/2007GL030142, 2007.
  355. Jackman, C. H., R. G. Roble, and E. L. Flemming. Mesospheric dynamical changes induced by the solar protons events in October-November 2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L04812, doi:10.1029/2006GL028328, 2007.
  356. Kwak, Y.-S., A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Dependence of the high-latitude thermospheric momentum forcing on the interplanetary magnetic field. J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06316, doi:10.1029/2006JA012208, 2007.
  357. Lei, J., R. G. Roble, S. Kawamura, and S. Fukao. A simulation study of thermospheric neutral winds over the MU radar. J. Geophys. Res., 112, A04303, doi:10.1029/2006JA012038, 2007.
  358. Lei, J., R. G. Roble, W. Wang, B. A. Emery, and S.-R. Zhang. Electron temperature climatology at Millstone Hill and Arecibo. J. Geophys. Res., 112, A02303, doi:10.1029/2006JA012041, 2007.
  359. Lei, J., S. Syndergaard, A. G. Burns, S. C. Solomon, W. Wang, Z. L. Zeng, R. G. Roble, Q. Wu, Y.-H. Kuo, J. M. Holt, S.-R. Zhang, D. L. Hysell, F. S. Rodrigues, and C. H. Lin. Comparison of COSMIC ionospheric measurements with ground-based observations and model predictions: Preliminary results. J. Geophys. Res., 112, A07309, doi,1029/2006JA012240, 2007.
  360. Liu, H.-L., T. Li, C.-Y. She, J. Oberheide, Q. Wu, M. E. Hagan, J. Xu, R. G. Roble, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell III. Comparative study of short term tidal variability. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D18108, doi:10.1029/2007JD008542, 2007.
  361. Oberheide, J., Q. Wu, T. L. Killeen, M. E. Hagan, and R. G. Roble. A climatology of nonmigrating semidiurnal tides from TIMED Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) wind data. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 69, 2203-2218, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.010, 2007.
  362. Tsuda, T. T., S. Nozawa, A. Brekke, Y. Ogawa, T. Motoba, R. G. Roble, and R. Fujii. An ion-drag contribution to the lower-thermosphere-wind in summer polar region. J. Geophys. Res., 112, A06316, doi:10.1029/2006JA011785, 2007.
  363. Xu, J., H.-L. Liu, W. Yuan, A. K. Smith, R. G. Roble, C. J. Mertens, J. M. Russell III, and M. G. Mlynczak. Mesopause structure from Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) observations. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D09102, doi:10.1029/2006JD007711, 2007.
  364. Zhao, Y., M. J. Taylor, H.-L. Liu, and R. G. Roble. Seasonal oscillations in mesospheric temperatures at low-latitudes. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 69, 2367-2378, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.07.010, 2007.
  365. Bougher, S. W., P.-L. Blelly, M. Combi, J. L. Fox, I. Mueller-Wodarg, A. Ridley, and R. G. Roble. Neutral upper atmosphere and ionosphere modeling. Space Sci. Rev., 139, 107-141, doi:10.1007/s11214-008-9401-9, 2008.
  366. Deng, Y., A. Maute, A. D. Richmond, and R .G. Roble. Analysis of thermospheric response to magnetospheric inputs. J. Geophys. Res., 113, A04301, doi:10.1029/2007JA0128440, 2008.
  367. Gelinas, L. J., J. H. Hecht, R. L. Walterscheid, R. G. Roble, and J. Woithe. A seasonal study of mesospheric temperatures and emission intensities at Adelaide and Alice Springs. J. Geophys. Res., 113, A01304, doi:10.1029/2007JA012587, 2008.
  368. Liu, G., G. G. Shepherd, and R. G. Roble. Seasonal variations of the nighttime O(1S) and OH airglow emission rates at mid-to-high latitudes in the context of the large-scale circulation. J. Geophys. Res., 113, A06302, doi:10.1029/2007JA012854, 2008.
  369. Lu, G., L. P. Goncharenko, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, and N. Aponte. A dayside ionospheric positive storm phase driven by neutral winds. J. Geophys. Res., 113, A08304, doi:10.1029/2007JA012895, 2008.
  370. Lu, G., L. P. Goncharenko, A. J. Coster, A. D. Richmond, R. G. Roble, N. Aponte, and L. J. Paxton. A data-model comparative study of ionospheric positive storm phase in the mid-latitude F-region. AGU Monogragh, 181, 2008.
  371. Mueller-Wodarg, I. C. F., D. F. Strobel, J. I. Moses, J. H. Waite, J. Crovisier, R. V. Yelle, S. W. Bougher, and R. G. Roble. Neutral atmospheres. Space Sci. Rev., 139, 191, doi10.1007/s11214-008-9404-6, 2008.
  372. Qian, L., S. C. Solomon, R. G. Roble, and T. J. Kane. Model simulations of global change in the ionosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07811, doi:10.1029/2007GL033156, 2008.
  373. Qian, L., S. C. Solomon, R. G. Roble, B. R. Bowman, and F. A. Marcos. Thermospheric neutral density response to solar forcing. Adv. Space Res., 42, 926-932, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.10.019, 2008.
  374. Yuan, T., C.-Y. She, D. A. Kruger, F. Sassi, R. R. Garcia, R. G. Roble, H.-L. Liu, and H. Schmidt. Climatology of mesopause region temperature, zonal wind and meridional wind over Fort Collins, CO (41N, 105W), and comparison with model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D03105, doi:10.1029/2007JD008697, 2008.
  375. Tian, F., J. F. Kastings, H.-L. -Liu, and R. G. Roble, Hydrodynamic planetary thermosphere model. I: The response of the Earth's thermosphere to extreme solar EUV conditions and the significance of adiabatic cooling effect. J. Geophys. Res., 113, E05008, doi:10.1029/2007/JE002946, 2008.
  376. Tian, F., S. C. Solomon, L. Qian, J. Lei, and R. G. Roble. Hydrodynamic planetary thermosphere model. II. Coupling of energetic electron transport model/energy deposition model. J. Geophys. Res., 113, E07005, doi:10.1029/2007JE003043, 2008.
  377. Wu, Q., D. A. Ortland, T. L. Killeen, R. G. Roble, M. E. Hagan, H.-L. Liu, S. C. Solomon, J. Xu, W. R. Skinner, and R. J. Niciejewski. Global distribution and inter-annual variation of mesospheric and lower thermospheric neutral wind diurnal tide. Part 1: Migrating tide. J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05308, doi:10.1029/2007JA012542, 2008.
  378. Wu, Q., D. A. Ortland, T. L. Killeen, R. G. Roble, M. E. Hagan, H.-L. Liu, S. C. Solomon, J. Xu, W. R. Skinner, and R. J. Niciejewski. Global distribution and inter-annual variation of mesospheric and lower thermospheric neutral wind diurnal tide. Part 2: Non-migrating tide. J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05309, doi:10.1029/2007JA012543, 2008.
  379. Wu, Q., D. McEwen, W. Guo, R. J. Nicejewski, R. G. Roble, and Y. I. Won, Long-term thermospheric neutral wind observations over the northern polar cap, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys., 70, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2008.09.004, 2008.
  380. Hagan, M. E., A. Maute, and R. G. Roble. Tropospheric tidal effects on the middle and upper atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 114, A01302, doi:10.1029/2008JA013637, 2009.
  381. Barth, C. A., G. Lu, and R. G. Roble. Joule heating and nitric oxide in the thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 14, A05301, doi:10.1029/2008JA013765, 2009.
  382. Deng, Y., A. Maute, A. D. Richmond, and R. G. Roble. Impact of electric field variability on Joule heating and thermospheric temperature and density. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L08105, doi:10.1029/2008GL036916, 2009.
  383. Preusse, P., S. D. Eckermann, M. Ern, J. Oberheide, R. H. Picard, R. G. Roble, M. Riese, J. M. Russell III, and M. G. Mlynczak. Global ray tracing simulations of the SABER gravity wave climatology. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D08126, doi: 10.1029/2008JD011214, 2009.
  384. Qian, L., A. G. Burns, S. C. Solomon, R. G. Roble. The effect of carbon dioxide cooling on trends in the F2-layer ionosphere. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 71, 1592, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.03.006, 2009.
  385. Rishbeth, H., R. G. Roble, J. Wroten, and M. Mendillo. Day-by-day modelling of the ionospheric F2-layer for year 2002. J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 71, 846, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.03.022, 2009.
  386. Mendillo, M., J. Wroten, R. G. Roble, and H. Rishbeth. The equatorial and low latitude ionosphere with the context of global modeling. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 72, 358, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2009.03.026, 2010.
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